Trading Kings

Transcript

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[0:00] Well, our sermon text is Romans 5, 12 through 21. Romans 5, 12 through 21. And as mentioned, we're in a series on Romans, although three weeks we've gone without a Roman sermon. We had Pentecost, so we had to preach on that, Confirmation Sunday, and then I was gone last week and Natalie preached on something else or did something else, so that's great. But I did send a note home saying that the Roman series would continue until morale improved, and only one person responded to that, so you guys don't read my emails, and I'm used to that. It's okay. Don't worry. But when the morale improves, then we'll go on to something else. No, it's not a punishment. It's not a punishment. This is great stuff. So just to recap, kind of to bring you back up to speed, Romans chapter 4 was about the faith of Abraham and how his faith was reckoned to him as righteousness and how God really was a man of God. And so, you know, I'm going to read a little bit of that. And I'm going to read a little bit about the covenant. I'm going to read a little bit about the covenant. because I think it really is in this business of keeping covenant with his people. So the idea of covenant is really a strong one. Later, the next covenant after the covenant with Abraham,

[1:05] one of the covenants after the covenant of Abraham is the covenant of the law that's given at Mount Sinai to Moses and to the people of Israel as they were leaving Egypt. And that figures in a little bit with our lesson today. So Paul is kind of building a case in Romans about how justification works, how God wants to save the world. And so, I'm going to read a little bit and rescue it from sin, death, and the devil, how he wants to reconcile his two groups of children, the Jews and the Gentiles, into one faith, and what that all looks like. And it's complex. As we read today, you'll find that his ideas take some detours and strange paths here and there. It's complex, the way his mind works. And so we're going to do our best to unpack it, but I'm also going to ask you to pay special attention today as we read, because I don't know, just put on your whatever hat you have that allows you to really focus in on ideas. Put that one on. I don't actually have that hat. I don't know what I'm doing most of the time, but if you have that hat, you should put it on. One thing I want you to pay attention to also is that, well, let me go back one step. Today is about Adam and Christ, where we're talking, you saw from Genesis 3, Adam and Eve

[2:20] were hiding from God because they had eaten from the tree. And sin enters the world, death enters the world as a result of that. So today is a contrast between Adam and his original sin, and Christ, and how his obedience and his grace sort of are in this set of cosmic scales between the two. And we're going to see how those things weigh out or sort themselves out. So there's a contrast going on today that I want you to pay attention to between Adam and his original sin and his consequences, which is death and the reign of death and sin over the world. And I want you to pay attention to how many times the sermon title shows up today. If you look at your bulletin, you say the title of today's sermon is the word dominion, just like that, like it's very mysterious, like, oh, what could that possibly mean? Dominion. Yeah. And the NIV renders it as to reign, but the NRSV has it as exercise dominion. So you'll see the word exercise dominion in our passage today. And we're going to pay attention to that today. Why? Because Paul only uses this word nine times in all of his writings, all of his letters, and he uses it five times out of nine, just in these few verses. So when that happens, we want to pay attention to

[3:40] it. What's going on? Why is he making special use of this word multiple times? It might be the key for us to understand a little bit about how he's thinking about justification and righteousness. So that's, we're going to kind of drive, towards that. So this word dominion is the glue that holds things together in this passage. And remember that dominion is something that Adam was supposed to have. Remember that? Adam was to have, Adam and Eve were to have dominion over the earth in a good way, not to subjugate it and subdue it in the sense that it taking all this power over it, but to tend it, to care for it, to make it fruitful, to make it live into the thing that God wanted it to be. To live in harmony in it, right? So Adam started with dominion, but he lost dominion because of his sin. And he came under the dominion of death. So dominion is a strong idea that comes even from our, even from Adam. And we're going to see how dominion works with Christ. So listen for a, this word dominion. Okay. And so I want you to kind of concentrate again. I said, let's try to find the, let's try to find the answer to the question. What is the new dominion? The old dominion is the dominion to sin and death. What is the new dominion? And how does it answer the problem of sin and death and sin and death current dominion over the human race? Okay.

[5:08] A lot to take in there. So that's our introduction. Let's go to our reading Romans 5 12 through 21. The apostle Paul writes this. Therefore, because of everything that Katya had just read about this great, this greatness of God's grace for us, therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man and death came through sin and so death spread to all because all have sinned sin was indeed in the world before the law but sin is not reckoned where there is no law yet death exercised dominion from Adam to Moses even over those whose sins were not like the transgressions of Adam who is a type of the one who was to come but the free gift is not like the trespass for if the many died through the one man's trespass much more surely have the grace of God and the free gift in the grace of the one man Jesus Christ abounded for the many and the free gift is not like the effect of the one man's sin for the judgment following one trespass one trespass brought condemnation but the free gift following many trespasses brings justification you if because of the one man's trespass death exercised dominion through that one much more surely will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness exercise dominion in life through the one man

[6:36] Jesus Christ therefore just as one man's trespass led to condemnation for all so one man's act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all for just as by the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners so by the one man's trespass the one man's sin was not a sin but the one man's sin was a sin but the one man's disobedience the many will be made righteous but law came in with the result that the trespass multiplied but where sin increased increased grace abounded all the more so that just as sin exercised Dominion and death so grace might also exercise Dominion through justification leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord this is the word of the Lord thanks be to God and let's pray Father thank you for this word and we ask that you would bless it in Jesus name Amen so do you see what I mean it's a little bit complex Passager right who uh does anyone have this hat that I'm this mythical hat that I'm talking about that allows you to focus on things how to go how to go thumbs up if you totally got everything I knew it I knew it okay well part of the problem is there's a detour there's a bit of a detour at the beginning of this passage and Paul he's not doing himself any favors here it's

[7:50] I don't know if he's writing real quick he's like oh I forgot you know one thing so we're going to talk about that and then we're going to kind of break it down so that at least we can understand what he's going on about and then at the end we're going to try to draw to pull it all together with this word Dominion we just took a family trip so we we went on a cruise but to get to the cruise ship we had to go to Long Beach which is a beautiful town and we went to Long Beach and we got on a ship and came back and then yesterday we drove home and yesterday we decided to take a detour on the way home because we were going up Interstate 5 which as you know goes through the Central Valley it's kind of dusty and dirty there and yuck so we decided to take a detour home along Highway 46 which goes over these low mountains to Paso Robles and then you can go up 101 to come home and that takes a little bit longer but it was a little more scenic I liked it better but we probably lost half an hour on it okay maybe more you know somebody else in my my family might say that it was more than half an hour I don't know who that person would be but they might have said they might be saying that I don't know maybe 45 minutes I don't know we also stopped many times for snacks and drinks

[8:56] because we have kids and there's no that's unavoidable that's unavoidable so anyways we we took a detour and Paul takes a detour here but it's a good detour Paul is still laying out the problem of our sin and the solution that has something to do with the law and Jesus and Jesus's obedience and our faith and the faithfulness of Jesus and justification and righteousness there's been a lot of ideas that Paul is sort of juggling around and how God puts that all together to rescue both Jews and Gentiles into a new beloved Community that's marked by Justice and Shalom and right relationships with each other and with God that's where Paul is sort of driving all this way um so I'm going to try to that's where he's going so if we keep track of sort of the bigger destination then we can we can see why these sort of complex ideas and why some of these detours actually kind of help us a little bit so I'm going to just start going through this reading and if you want to look thank you for going all the way back to 12. you guys Nathan is on top of it Nathan is just like telepathic he knows what to do all right verse 12 and this is this is um sin comes into the world through one man Adam and death follows right after him and this is a topic that's all for itself because

[10:20] we have an idea of original sin and that we inherit sin from somebody else sin that we didn't commit and it seems unfair especially to Americans and Westerners who believe just an individual responsibility how can I possibly be responsible for something my ancestors did whereas other cultures don't have a really have as much of a problem with this concept but as we understand it original sin Adam and Eve came into the human race and it's been a problem for the human race ever since so none of us are given a fresh start like Adam and Eve were and that's that will will come to that on a different day but Paul is saying talking about this as if this is an understood and given idea sin entered the world through the disobedience and trespass of one man now you might be saying to yourself well wasn't there more than one person at the beginning and I I would just you know like if if some people some people are going to be sexist and talk about well only the men did this you know this counts for the men but not the women at least Paul's being consistent and saying it was the one man who sinned right because if he really wanted to be sexist he could say just as sin came into the world through one woman the bad women but it was rectified by this one man you know that would

[11:36] that would seem even worse so this is shorthand for Humanity and in fact the word Adam isn't really a name it means Humanity it means human you know so you could you could actually say the way he's talking about Adam could mean he's talking about humankind or Humanity humanity falls humanity sin so um but we don't expect Paul to talk we don't expect Paul to talk in gender-neutral language that often although we do have the NRSV that tries its best to make language gender neutral where it can and it does a good job of that the old NIV 84 doesn't do that very well the new NIV does it a little bit better that's just a note on translations so we're getting better at that but he is this is for the sake of his own his argument sin enters the world through the work of one man or through the trespass of one man and that one man is Adam and he's setting us up to understand that the answer to that is through the righteousness and Grace of another man Jesus Christ so that's the that's verse 12. now verse 13 and 14 are the detour here's the detour right Paul's so interested in the law that he wants to make sure we understand it because the law becomes a big topic in Romans 2. sin is in the world but it doesn't get

[12:50] put to put to put to account so the law is the way we understand account so the law is the way we understand that sin is sin so how do we know that we've sinned that sin is sin so how do we know that we've sinned without the law in fact you could almost see he without the law in fact you could almost see he without the law in fact you could almost see he almost Paul almost thinks that you can't almost Paul almost thinks that you can't almost Paul almost thinks that you can't really sin sin isn't sin apart from the law really sin sin isn't sin apart from the law really sin sin isn't sin apart from the law because the sin there's no measure to because the sin there's no measure to of sin that Adam and Eve experienced. Or the wages of sin, which is from Romans 3. Remember that? The wages of sin is not sin, but the wages of sin is death. The wages of sin is death, as we know from Romans 3. And so, even though the law was not given between Adam and Moses, death was exercising dominion over the world. And there's the first dominion, exercising dominion. What's exercising dominion in the world? What's reigning? Death. Death is reigning, right? Death is reigning over the world because of the work of Adam and Eve. But so, the detour is for Paul to

[13:59] say, I know that I keep talking about sin, but sin doesn't actually exist until the law is given. So, from Adam to Moses, it's death that reigns. After that, maybe it's sin that reigns, sin and death, okay? He's just trying to be tidy with his bookkeeping. He doesn't want anyone to catch him in an inconsistency. So, that's the detour. Now, we're on highway, we're off Highway 101 and we're onto Highway 85 and we're headed for, you know, we're headed for Los Altos, okay? So, the detour is over. Did it feel good? It didn't take that long. It didn't take 45 minutes. So, verse 15 and on, let's move on. There's a set of comparisons that 13 and 14 were the detour. 15 is sort of the main course now. Verse 15 and on, there's a set of comparisons between the one man Adam. I'm going to put this be Adam on my left, your right. And his trespass and the other one man, Jesus Christ and his righteousness. And I'm going to signify that with my right hand. And so, what I want you to do is imagine a set of scales, the old school scales where you would put, they'd always balance each other out. So, if you wanted to get a pound of something, somebody, they have to put a weight, they'd weight a pound of something here. And on this one, you'd keep pouring flour into a bucket until it

[15:09] weighed a pound. And then, you know, you know, you had a pound when the scale was level. Does everybody know what I'm talking about? Kids have no idea what I'm talking about. So, you know, I mean, the kids have never, I saw this at a flea market in Vienna, Austria, when I was eight years old, I was like, wow. And this guy had a whole set of little weights, you know. And of course, if you take a physics class or something like that in high school, maybe they let you weigh things like that. I don't know. Maybe it's all digital scales now. You know, I went to the bank once and I said, you know, where can I mail a letter? You know, and the teller who was like 22, he said, I think there's a mailbox across the street. I don't really know. I don't, I don't mail things. I said, have you ever mailed a letter in your life? He said once. Once. Once he's actually licked a stamp. Once. Okay. Anyway, well, why should he? I mean, stamps cost money. If you can send an email, it's free and instant, whatever. So anyways, kids, there's these things called scales that aren't like the kind you step on in the bathroom, but that look like two arms and they have to, if they're, if they're level. Yeah, that's fine. So

[16:13] the, if they're level, then one, this, if I'm level, then this amount weighs as much as this amount. Okay. So I want you to imagine a set of scales that are meant to balance each other. And on the one side, Adam's side is sin and death. And on the other side is righteousness and life. So on the one side is Adam and the whole human race, which has inherited sin from him. And on the other side is Jesus, right? And the big takeaway for Paul in this comparison is how the scales. So the scales are the scales that are meant to balance, right? Now, if you were listening also to our hymns that Ellen picked out, did a great job, really good. The takeaway from all of what Paul says is that this does not equal this at all. I'm going to say that again. This does not equal this. Our sin and death does not equal life and grace that Jesus Christ gives. One side evidently weighs a whole lot more. And that's the side with Jesus. So I'm going to let Jesus' side go down. It's so far like this, right? Imagine the scales. But imagine it falling like really fast, like plunk, like really, because it's really weighs a whole lot more. It's not like this gentle, but it's just like, Jesus is what Jesus contributes to this scale is so much greater than my arms are getting tired.

[17:36] So you just imagine I'm still doing this the whole time. The free verse 15, verse 15. Is it there? It probably is. I can't see it. The free gift is not like the trespass. Paul saying these things are not like each other. They're not equal to each other. And well, at all. The free gift of grace is far larger than the trespass of Adam and the trespass of each of us. Verse 20, where he says, where sin increases, grace abounds all the more. So you can imagine not only is this scale out of balance, but the more every, every ounce you put on here is 5.5. More or 10 more or a hundred more ounces here. Can you imagine that? Right? So the more now we're getting into some dangerous territory, which he's going to address in chapter six, the more sin goes on this side, the more great, even more grace goes on this side. What are you thinking right now?

[18:34] Some of you are having devious thoughts. I know it. Paul is going to answer your thoughts in verse chapter six, verse two, two verses away from this verse. He says, well, then Maybe we should sin more. So that grace will abound even more. Wouldn't that be a great. And then he says, by no means, by this is a classic Paul thing to say, by, you know, if it was in Greek, he'd say, by no means, you know, never, never. That's not, he's like, that's not how it works. You don't, you don't sin more. So that grace increases more. Now that you know, the law, you know, what sin is. Your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit. You need to keep the law as best you can. And the Spirit will do it for you. But you don't pile on sin in the hopes of getting even more grace. It doesn't work that way, right? But he is saying that this abundance of grace is so much greater than our sin that even if we were to add sin, the grace would abound even more. And so there's this great amount of grace. There's this generosity about God. That's really what we're getting at here. The gift is not like the trespass. They're not equal in any measure at all. One is of a much greater magnitude than the other. This is good news. So let's praise God for that, right?

[19:54] Whatever your sin is, whatever guilt you may be carrying with you today, and your guilt is something you should pay attention to, the feeling of guilt. The Spirit may be prompting you to ask for forgiveness and to change your ways. Absolutely. But whatever sense of guilt you're carrying with you today, whatever the weight of sin that may be on your back, you should hear today that the weight of the grace that Jesus has, that he'll lift off your, you know, he'll use to lift that sin off your back, is so much greater. There is no sin that you can commit that God won't keep loving you. I once was at a wedding at the church I served in Iowa. It was this cute little white church on the prairie. It was just like from Little House on the Prairie. It was very idyllic. But just because it was an idyllic setting, didn't mean that there weren't people there who had problems. Of course there were. And a man came to a wedding there, but he didn't want to come in the church. He knew the people that were getting married. He had never come to church. I said, the wedding's inside. Don't you want to come in? And he said, Pastor, I can't walk in the church. God would strike me dead.

[20:58] I said, I'm not sure you would. I don't think he would. He says, you have no idea what I've done, Pastor. I said, you're right, I don't. You know, you can tell me, and I'll carry that with me to the grave if you like, but God knows. And he said, I don't know. He still loves you. There's nothing you can do. There's nothing that you've done that God won't forgive you of. And I don't know how that story ends because that was the end of the conversation. We didn't have a moment after that. All I can hope is that he heard me that day. And on some later date, he did go into a church, not fearing that he would be struck. There's nothing you can do that's so great. God's grace is greater than your sin, always, no matter what.

[21:40] So, I'm going to cap off now. I'm going to end our trip with verse 21, okay? Can you show verse 21? I bet you can. There it is at the very end. So, it reads like this. So that just as sin exercised dominion in death. There we go. See how things are working? Sin is exercising dominion in death. So, grace might also exercise dominion through just. Now, this is where it gets complicated, right? Grace might also exercise dominion through justification, leading to eternal life. Through Jesus Christ, our Lord. So, he kind of keeps adding these clauses to the end of it, because he just doesn't know how to stop. But that's Paul, praise God. I'm going to read it again. Just as sin exercised dominion in death. We get that part. So, grace might also exercise dominion through justification or righteousness, leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ, our Lord. And so, here's the idea I want us to leave with. One idea. And that's that we may want to understand justification and righteousness through the lens of this word. Dominion. I've said it before. Like, this is the idea, right? We have, we kind of don't always know what Paul means by justification. That word means either justification or righteousness. It's kind of challenging to know how to, you know, translate it each time.

[22:57] They're obviously very similar concepts. We thought we knew in the Reformation, and you probably grew up with this understanding of the atonement. We call it the penal substitutionary theory of atonement, which was like this. That we had a purpose.

[23:22] We had to put our lives on the line. We had to put our lives on the line. We had to put our lives on the line. We had to put our lives on the line. We had to put our lives on the line. sin, and we are sort of convicted of those sins, and we're sentenced to some sort of punishment for those sins, but someone else takes the punishment for us. That's that view, and that was very, that is very common in the Protestant Reformation. We've definitely inherited it as a Protestant church, right, and you can find it just about in almost every Protestant church, some form of it, but lately, and we're going to get to this later in our Roman series, but lately we're understanding justification and righteousness more not as that sort of substitution or the payment of debt or payment of sin, but we're understanding justification and righteousness more as living in a right relationship with God and with other people. So that's a different view of it. It's not about my sin that gets wiped away. It's not about some ledger or something like that. It's more about community. It's more about relationship that is whole, and at peace, that lives into shalom, all right. So these are relationships that are marked by justice, shalom, peace. It's becoming that beloved community, right, and that takes the emphasis away

[24:53] from the individual only, and it's more on the community and the individual's place within it, right. I'm part of a larger community that, that yes, actually has inherited sin from our, our ancestors, right, but at the same time, this is a community that can be full, of life-giving relationships. So, and we're going to have another sermon about individualism versus communalism in Romans that's coming up later this summer. So you're super excited until the morale improves. We're going to keep having sermons like this. Let's see what happens. But for today, I want us to think of, of righteousness and justification as what has dominion over us. To think of this word dominion, righteousness and justification, think of it in terms of what dominion is. And I want us to think of it in terms of what dominion is. And I want us to think of it in terms of what dominion is. And I want us to think of it in terms of what is it that has dominion over us. And I think that's where Paul is going in this section. I think that's why five out of the nine times he uses this word in the entire New Testament are here. And here's the general outline, is that Adam is supposed to have dominion over the creation. There was this God-ordained dominion that Adam was supposed to have, but he traded that

[26:02] where he was in dominion. He traded it to being under the dominion of death because of his choices. Right? The wages of sin is death. And now it is death that has dominion over the creation. So you can almost say that death has taken Adam's place and all of creation is under the dominion of death, including Adam and Eve. And you look at their kids, one kid kills the other. The very first death in the Bible isn't a disease or an accident, somebody falling off a cliff or old age. It's a murder. Isn't that tell you something? The very first death in the Bible is a violent death, an intentional death, almost a premeditated death, right? So Cain kills Abel, people die from then on. And I want you to think about how true this is still, right? A little bit of time for honesty now. How much of our life is actually centered around the concept of death? And you may say, oh, not at all, but think about it, right? How much of our life is oriented around death? How much of our life is oriented around death? Do we spend a lot of our time trying to avoid death or put it off for a while? Or do we spend time preparing for death? Or do we perhaps spend our time distracting us, ourselves, from the eventuality of our own death? Think about it, right? What to do with our assets after we die

[27:32] and so on. And you know, you could say, well, we don't talk about death much. But to me, that's almost a sign that it really does have dominion over us. Do we ever, like the most important thing in the room, is it often the thing that we're not talking about? I think so. So death really does have dominion because it's this shadow that hangs over all of life. There's no cure for it yet, and I don't think there will be. So really, all of life is sort of under the shadow and dominion of death. And this is the curse that we are under. And I'm not trying to depress you, okay, because there's really good news coming yet. But I just want to be realistic about, what happened to Adam and Eve? They traded dominion over the whole earth to being the one that was dominated or dominioned over or exercising dominion over by death and by sin, right? So now, I want you to imagine then what this rescue from the dominion of death looks like. Paul's putting this all together. What does it look like if our current state is dominion under, is under the dominion of death? What does the rescue look like? The rescue looks like we become under the dominion of grace. This is the big change. So this is what Paul is saying. So this is how we're looking at

[28:53] justification through the lens of this word dominion, okay? And so, if we imagine that grace rescues us from the dominion of death and we become under the dominion of grace, that means it puts death to death.

[29:10] It loses its place on the throne. It becomes dethroned. It looks like the resurrection, right? So the resurrection doesn't deny that death happens. On the contrary, the resurrection say, yes, death happens, but it doesn't have the last word. Death is still an ultimate reality for us, but even more it's the penultimate reality. The ultimate reality for us is life and grace. And so death isn't completely vanished. It's a step along the way to something else, and it loses its power. It loses its dominion over us. In a way, it looks like us not being afraid of death anymore, not being afraid to talk about it, preparing for it appropriately but not obsessively so that we have freedom to do all the other things that God wants us to do in life, including having proper dominion over the creation like he wanted Adam and Eve to have, right? So in my mind, at least in this short passage, if we want to understand what Paul means by justification, maybe justification is the dethroning of death so that it no longer has dominion. And grace exercises dominion then through justification, leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ. That's verse 21. Grace exercises dominion through justification, leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ.

[30:35] Now, what about us? What else has the dominion now? It's kind of hidden in there. It's just that because now we've had four uses of dominion, right? Death, grace, death, grace. But there's one other little part, the fifth one, that talks about dominion. This is kind of the surprising one. Verse 17, can you show that? Is it up there? Verse 17.

[30:56] Go back one. Must be at the bottom there. Yes, OK. Verse 17, those who receive this gift of grace they themselves exercise dominion in life through Jesus Christ. So there's this real sense that by receiving God's grace for us, we now receive dominion ourselves in life or over life through Jesus Christ. So I want to leave you with that idea is that this is, what does the rest of you look like? In some ways, it looks like us getting back to where Adam and Eve were, but not entirely, because we're not going to be able to get back to where we were. We're going to be able to get back to where we were because they lived a deathless experience until the fall. So we get back to the place where we exercise dominion over life through Jesus Christ. But it's also living in the reality that death is still, while it doesn't have dominion, it's still a reality for us. But the resurrection is an even greater reality for us. And so we look beyond death to the true life, the next life. Now, this is also the true life. I don't want to say that that's the only life. So I want to leave you with this thought. Your salvation, your justification, is really not the only life. It's really trading one king for another, one dominion for another.

[32:10] You move from the kingdom of sin and death, and you move to the kingdom of grace, which is ruled by Jesus, and it gives you true life. And so justification may mean that you are no longer a servant to sin, but you have a new king who lifts you up to reign with him.

[32:25] This is very exciting. Jesus says, OK, yes, you are now under the dominion of grace, but you're also my sort of co-regent, if you want. A fancy word, a co-regent with him, where you have dominion over the rest of life and yourself. And to restore you to Adam's original place, to have dominion over the life of creation that God made. And so then that calls us into a place where we are really called to help the earth be fruitful, to help the earth work for everybody, if possible, right?

[33:01] And what happens to death? We don't fear it. We can talk about it. We can prepare for it as much as it needs to be prepared. We can prepare for it, but not anymore. And in the end, we have more time for life, because life outweighs death and grace outweighs sin. And so I'm going to just read just this first line to end from Hymn 342, because it's perfect. Marvelous grace of our loving Lord, grace that exceeds, grace that exceeds our sin and our guilt. Let's pray. Father, thank you that your grace exceeds our sin and guilt. Thank you that we come under your dominion, the dominion of your grace, and that you raise us to reign with you in it. Father, teach us from your word, even when it's complicated, Lord. We thank you for the beauty of what your servant has written to us. In Jesus' name.